The first commercial cellular telephones were tested in the late 1970s by Illinois Bell in Chicago, Illinois, and they were a great success. Cellular service carriers began nationwide operations in the mid-1980s operating in the 800- to 900-MHz frequency band. Before the availability of cellular radio service, mobile telephone service consisted of bulky mobile telephone radio units. These two-way radio units communicated with a single antenna in a city or area. The radio signals often interfered with those of other commercial radios, and due to the technology of the day the frequencies could not be reused as they can today. Therefore, limited numbers of channels were available for callers, and the service was unreliable and costly. Because of the consumer demand for cellular telecommunications, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the mid-1990s authorized up to six additional mobile telephone service providers in each service area.
There were more than 120 million wireless subscribers in the United States in 2001, according to the Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association, with the number of new users increasing significantly each year. Forecasters and regulators did not anticipate this growth, however. Network equipment and start-up costs were substantial, and the cost to consumers was high. Providers had limited their networks to a small group of high-volume business users. Eventually, the providers recognized that their businesses would be more profitable if they created innovative service packages and aggressively marketed their services to the general public. As a result, prices for cellular telephones and network access have dropped considerably.
Cellular radio telephone service has achieved great commercial success because users recognize that mobile telephone access can improve productivity and enhance safety. Delivery drivers, repair technicians, lawyers, and other professionals were early adopters of mobile telephone service. As more geographic areas are covered by cellular networks and as rates drop, new subscribers are buying cellular services for personal security, safety on the road, and general convenience.
Saturday, February 21, 2009
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